‘Galloping Jack’ Royston – An adopted Anzac

Brigadier General John R. Royston CMG DSO VD, from Zulu War to the Great War

Brigadier General John R. 'Galloping Jack' Royston GMG DSO VD (Warrior's Gate Museum)

For many Australians, the mere mention of ‘Galloping Jack’ Royston evokes the image of his powerful large frame, mounted on a whaler, charging along the firing line of the 2nd Light Horse Brigade at Romani in August 1916 with a blood-stained bandage streaming behind him while barking out orders. As stirring as this image is, there is much more to South African born Jack Royston, who as a young man ran away from home to fight in the Zulu War and twenty years later commanded Australians on anti-commando operations in the Transvaal. During the Bambatha Rebellion in 1906 and then, in the Great War, he raised two regiments that dozens of Australians flocked to. Having soldiered for 38 years, he was one of those rare individuals who had witnessed the British Army transform from fighting in squares to taking part in operations that were supported by aircraft and tanks—two inconceivable notions back in 1879.

John Robinson Royston, more commonly referred to as 'Jack', was generally accepted in popular history as being born at Bellair, Durban, Natal on 29th April 1860, while to confuse matters, the Natal Volunteer Records state that he was born on 9th April 1859, and his marriage certificate records that he was 44 years old when he was married on 15th April 1903. Surviving records reveal that he was baptized along with his two older brothers in Durban on 19th April 1863. His father, William Royston, a civil engineer of Lancashire, emigrated to Natal in 1858 when aged 29; he died in 1887 having turned his hand to farming.

Jack was educated at Durban High School and could speak isiZulu at a young age. Napier Devitt, his biographer, recorded that he was a 'slightly well-set fellow, full of the joie de vivre, athletic, stubborn, lovable, a devilish kid, as his father dubbed him. He was a keen athlete and, in this respect, head of Durban High School, where he was popular and promising.’

Once again, in popular history it has been said that Jack served in the Zulu War when aged just sixteen years, which indicates that he was born in 1863, thus presenting another age discrepancy, when in fact he was at least 18. Regardless, in December 1878, the Natal Volunteers were mobilized for service as the British invasion of Zululand with five columns was imminent. Jack was keen to serve, and with his parents not letting him go, he slipped away in the night and headed to Umgeni to join the army. His father caught up with him and eventually agreed he could serve and even brought a horse back for him later in the day. His two older brothers also served during the Zulu War: Joseph Royston served as a corporal with the Royal Durban Rifles, while James Frederick Royston served as a burgher with the Durban Volunteer Guard.

Jack joined a unit of sugar cane growers, the Isipingo Mounted Rifles, under the command of Captain Dering Stainbank; however, Jack saw no action with them. Following the first failed invasion and the disaster at iSandlwana on 22nd January 1879, Jack wanted to join the specially raised unit, the Natal Volunteer Guides, under the command of Captain Friend Addison. He left the Isipingo’s without permission and pleaded with Addison to let him join the guides. Devitt recalled Jack’s recollection of the conversation as follows: ‘I deserted my school, Sir, to join up. I deserted my camp because they would not let me come to Zululand. I deserted again last night when the escort was taking men back. I want to go on with you and the volunteers and see it through.’ Addison accepted him, and as a scout with the guides, Jack was present at the Battle of Gingindlovu on 2nd April 1879 and the relief of the beleaguered Eshowe garrison the following day. Of the British victory at Gingindlovu, Jack recalled:

‘They moved towards us throwing out the fatal ‘horns’ of Chakas time in an endeavour to envelop us. Our lines of communication with the troops at Tugela drift, of course, non-existent, and we had known before the sun set on the night of our arrival that we were cut off from help from beyond. On the wind that morning came to us the cry ‘Usutu, Usutu,’ the dreaded Zulu war cry followed by ‘I-ya-hlangena’ (We have surrounded them), as the black hordes continued to mass on the adjacent hills taking place of those who had moved forward. I stood beside a wagon at one corner of the laager watching the approaching masses crawling in and out among the bushes, here breaking form, then massing, as they came forward at a jog trot towards their white enemies.’

The British square during the battle of Gingindlovu on 2nd April 1879. It was in this battle that Jack Royston first saw shots fired in anger (The Graphic)

During the second invasion of Zululand, with the guides, Jack served with Major General Crealock’s 1st Division that advanced along the coast and was present in the sweeping operations under Major Barrow at emaNgweni on 4th July and the burning of the 640 huts that made up the Old oNdino umuzi on 7th July, the same day that Lord Chelmsford defeated the Zulus at Ulundi on the Mahlabathini plain.

Following the Zulu War, in 1884, the Natal Volunteer movement was becoming popular, and Jack joined as a trooper, the Alexandra Mounted Rifles. Then, in 1888, during the amalgamation of units, he was a sergeant in the Border Mounted Rifles, a regiment that he was to be part of for the next 23 years—not the ‘Natal Border Rifles’ as popular history records. Residing at Ixopo, where he was a storekeeper, he became a Freemason of the Ixopo Lodge in 1894 and was the sergeant major of the ‘High Flats’ Squadron of the Border Mounted Rifles. On 21st April 1896, having moved to St. Faith’s, he was commissioned a lieutenant, about which time he applied for the position as inspector of Supemi’s location, and in 1897, he was attacked during a tribal disturbance. About this time, the Zulus referred to him in isiZulu as Zithulele, meaning the silent one. 

When war with the neighbouring Boer states was imminent, the Border Mounted Rifles were mobilized on 29th September 1899, of which Jack was the officer commanding No. 1 Squadron, BMR, and on 17th October his squadron was in action with the Boer’s, albeit brief at Tintwa’s Pass in the Drakensberg’s before they were recalled to Ladysmith. They subsequently fought in the actions at Rietfontein (Tinta ‘Nyoni) on 24th October and Lombards Kop on 30th October, and then in the defence of Ladysmith. He was promoted to captain on 2nd November 1899, and in action at Bester’s Kop on 3rd November, he was prominent in action and personally ran along the firing line, handing out ammunition. He then, along with 500 Natal Volunteers and 100 Imperial Light Horse under Colonel William Royston, also a Zulu War veteran but of no relation, took part in the spirited Gun Hill sortie on the night of 7/8th December, when they raided the Boer gun position. When the Boers launched a determined assault against Caesar’s Hill on 6th January 1900, Jack’s squadron was attached to the Gordon Highlanders, of which he personally carried out a daring reconnaissance and was mentioned-in-despatches.

In Ladysmith, enteric fever ravaged the garrison, of which he was eventually evacuated to the hospital sick. Following the relief of Ladysmith, he took part in the action at Laing’s Nek on 12th June 1900, and then, on 1st October, with the Boers evicted from Natal, the volunteers were released from active service and free to return to their civil employment. However, a temporary regiment was formed from the various volunteer units to protect the Natal border, and the same day Jack, although still an officer in the BMR, was appointed the officer commanding No. 1 Squadron, Natal Volunteer Composite Regiment. Soon after, on 14th December, they were in action at Scheepers Nek, where he was prominent in action once more. As soon as the Boers broke off the engagement, he pursued them towards Vryheid, where he captured a wagon along with provisions. He was later mentioned-in-despatches for this, although it was not gazetted until 4th December 1901, and a further mention that only appeared on 4th December 1903. Life with the composite regiment was relatively monotonous as they were confined to service on the Natal border; however, the only time they operated across the border was when escorting convoys. ‘I’m not a transport rider,’ Jack was said to have stated to his commanding officer, another well-known Natalian, Lieutenant Colonel Duncan McKenzie, and was looking for a new appointment. 

In early January 1901, McKenzie raised another wing of the Imperial Light Horse, of which the original ILH had been raised from Uitlanders in Pietermaritzburg in September 1899 by the South African Aubrey Woolls-Sampson and the Australian Walter Karri-Davies. Having resigned from the composite regiment, Jack was promoted to major and appointed as the second-in-command of the 2nd Imperial Light Horse on 2nd January 1901. As a South African Mounted Irregular Forces regiment, both the officers and other ranks were multi-national, and it was in the ILH that Jack first had large numbers of Australians serving under him.

It was on 22nd January 1901, while crossing the Assegai River near Piet Retief, Jack, along with Lieutenant Colonel McKenzie, saved the lives of three drowning British troopers and was awarded the Bronze Royal Humane Society Medal on the recommendation of General Horace L. Smith-Dorrien, a Zulu War veteran and moreover a survivor of iSandlwana. In the several portraits of Jack, the blue medal ribbon being a non-military award is clearly visible on his right breast. Soon after this, on 6th February 1901, during a sweeping operation through the Eastern Transvaal, he was in action with the regiment at Lake Chrissie and for the coming months the men of the 2nd ILH were incessantly in the saddle in search of Boer commandos.

On 7th August 1901, while on leave at McKenzie’s Nottingham Road farm, albeit reluctantly, McKenzie was ordered to release Jack as he was appointed a local lieutenant colonel and to assume immediate command of both the 5th and 6th Western Australian Mounted Infantry contingents that had arrived in Natal at the end of April 1901 and were then refitting at Middleburg in the Transvaal. It was often recorded that Jack joined them in April; however, it is not the case. Jack, at this point, had served continuously on active service for 18 months, and while he was arguably the most experienced man in the contingent, there were many Western Australians that had served with the earlier contingents. 

Jack led them during the arduous sweeping drives in the Transvaal under Major General Walter Kitchener, the brother of Field Marshal Kitchener, and in the columns of Colonel Benson and General Bruce Hamilton. During these drives, where they were in constant contact with the Boer’s, Jack was mentioned-in-despatches ‘For single-handed capture of 2 armed Boers on 9th November, 1901, and for saving a man’s life on the same occasion’ while he was also awarded the Distinguished Service Order ‘for ability and dash in capture of laagers on 14th December, 1901 and 4th January, 1902, in Ermelo District’ while for the same period he was once more mentioned-in-despatches. 

Following eight months of hard campaigning with the Western Australians, their twelve months of active service had expired, and they returned home. Jack’s appointment was then terminated on 16th March 1902, and the following day, he was appointed a temporary lieutenant colonel and commanding officer of the 2nd Imperial Light Horse. Following him from the Western Australians were Lieutenant Ernest S. Clifford DSO and Sergeant John G. Dale DCM. The war ended on 31st May 1902; however, Jack was selected to attend the Coronation of King Edward the Seventh in London with 13 officers and 280 men from various South African regiments. While in London, on 1st July 1902, at an investiture at Buckingham Palace, Queen Alexandra presented him with not only the DSO but the Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George that was gazetted later in the year on 31st November 1902. Of his time in London, he was introduced to the King by Lord Roberts, and on another occasion, Lord Kitchener introduced him to the Duke of Connaught ‘as one of the finest fighting South Africans I know’ and was offered a command in India that he declined.

Jack formally concluded his service with the Imperial Light Horse on 15th October 1902 and returned to his trading store while he also reverted back to the rank of captain in the Border Mounted Rifles. His achievements were significant, as having entered the war as a lieutenant, he went on to command two excellent units and was awarded both the CMG and DSO, much like Colonel Timson Lukin, a fellow Zulu War veteran and permanent officer of the Cape Mounted Rifles. As one of the most successful and popular officers Natal produced during the war, it was only on 3rd October 1904 that he was promoted to the rank of major and brevet lieutenant colonel in the Border Mounted Rifles. The following year he was promoted to substantive lieutenant colonel on the supernumerary list as the regiment had a commanding officer.

Lieutenant Colonel J.R. Royston CMG DSO post Boer War and still cutting and athletic figure (The Natal Mercury) 

On 7th February 1906, at Trewirgie, Natal, Inspector Hunt and a trooper of the Natal Police were murdered, and two days later, with martial law declared, the Bambatha Rebellion had begun. Jack was ordered to join Colonel McKenzie in Pietermaritzburg, who was appointed to command the Field Force during the rebellion. Brought about by resentment of paying hut taxes, the rebellion was an ugly affair that the Natal Government managed without imperial troops being deployed, although they were garrisoned in South Africa. On 2nd April, two rebels from the Trewirgie incident were executed at Richmond in front of about 200 natives. In what was martial law at its harshest, Jack addressed the natives several times, of which a journalist who was present recalled that, 

‘It was Royston who was told off to point the moral of this lesson to the rounded-up crowd of natives, pallid under their duskiness, who were still uncertain whether they were not ‘on’ in this tragedy. Royston, on a white horse, rode up and down the line of squatting natives. An eloquent Zulu linguist, with a sound knowledge of his audience, he told them in some detail the consequences of rebellion.’

The rebellion then spread in pockets into Zululand, and with the need for more volunteers, Jack, on 19th April 1906, was requested to recruit a temporary regiment, some 550 men strong. Over the next few weeks, the quota was reached, of which the regiment aptly named ‘Royston’s Horse’ resembled the plethora of irregular regiments that were raised during the recent Boer War. The regiment was almost entirely made up of veterans, and being popular, 30 former officers joined the ranks—there were also no fewer than 48 Australians in Royston’s Horse. For two months they formed part of the Zululand Field Force and were employed on the sweeping operations that culminated in the action at Mome Gorge on 10th June. It was, however, at Manzipambana a week earlier, on 3rd June, that Captain E.G. Clerk, a Queenslander, but New Zealander by birth, when leading his squadron, became cut off in a donga and were fighting for their lives. They were almost overrun when Jack and the remainder of the regiment franticly charged up the donga and relieved Clerk’s force that had 4 killed and 11 wounded. 

The press at the time covered the operations of the Zululand Field Force, while both The Graphic in 1906 and The Sphere in 1907, specifically wrote about Jack’s involvement in quelling the rebellion as well as highlighting his previous service. Formally though, he was granted the honorary rank of lieutenant colonel in the British Army on 20th June 1907, and five days later, he was mentioned-in-despatches. He resigned from the militia on 1st February 1911, although he was appointed a special Aide-de-Camp to Lord Kitchener at King George the Fifth’s Coronation in June of the same year. 

'Jack' Royston sitting on the far right at the conclusion of the Bambatha Rebellion in 1906. Sitting centre is Colonel Duncan McKenzie who Jack served under in three wars. Colonel Aubrey Woolls-Sampson is seated left - he was another well-known fighting South African (The Natal Mercury)

By August 1914, he was a company director and farmer of Port Shepstone when war came once more. In the Union of South Africa, however, not only was the enemy on their border in German South West Africa, but there was an internal pro-German rebellion of some 12,000 Boers that lasted from September 1914 until February 1915. Jack, having been appointed a lieutenant colonel on 15th August 1914, was once again ordered to raise a specially recruited regiment, of which the Natal Light Horse was the title that it bore. It had all the hallmarks of the old 2nd Imperial Light Horse and Royston’s Horse, a regiment of veterans and multinationals. Many Australians served with the NLH, such as the New South Welshman, Captain Ernest W. Warby DCM, the Queenslander, Major Frank B. Knyvett DCM and Captain Clerk, who he had saved in June 1906.

Having served through the 1914 Rebellion, Jack joined the staff of his old friend Brigadier General Duncan McKenzie in February 1915. On 21st February, he was appointed colonel and officer commanding the 9th Mounted Brigade for operations against the German Forces in South West Africa, which was, as J.J. Collyer wrote, a campaign that was ‘planned, conducted and brought to a successful conclusion by a self-governing Dominion of the British Empire.’ It cannot be forgotten that it was now 36 years since the young Jack ran away to fight in the Zulu War, of which the same journalist that witnessed the rebel executions at Richmond, wrote in November 1914 of him being back in uniform again:

‘This war will bring something else besides a fourth medal to Royston-it will bring a glint to his eye and exuberance to his disposition which have been missing characteristics since last he retired to his Port Shepstone job. Like Sir Duncan McKenzie, John Royston is above and before all a fighter. His experiences on Empire outpost duty have inevitably made him so.’ 

His 9th Mounted Brigade, which included his old Natal Light Horse and the 5th (2nd Imperial Light Horse) Mounted Rifles, was one of three brigades that made up McKenzie’s Central Force. They were in action at Beerseba on 22nd April, then on the 27th at the Gibeon railway line, they were in a stiff fight against a force under Major von Kleist that was defeated and pushed north—they had covered 200 miles in 12 days through arid country. On 7th July 1915, the Germans surrendered, of which this was an incredible achievement for the Union Forces. Jack was mentioned-in-despatches for the manner in which he commanded his brigade at Gibeon, and incredibly, along with all of the South West Africa campaign awards, his MID was not gazetted until 22nd August 1918. With the campaign over, he was released from active duty on 11th July 1915.

Following the South West Africa campaign, the Union committed to providing infantry and mounted brigades for overseas service, mainly in East Africa, which left many men, including Jack, without a position in the new force. Many men traveled to England and joined the BEF, several sailed to Australia, and incredibly two men made their way to Mudros Island and joined the New Zealanders. Jack, along with a large number of men that wished to serve in France and Flanders, made his way to England aboard the SS Saxon, where he arrived on 27th November 1915 with his wife and three children.

Following a meeting with General Smith-Dorrien, whom he knew, he was ordered to East Africa as a ships transport officer, and while docked at Port Said, Egypt he met General Birdwood, another Boer War acquaintance who offered him a job—he accepted command of an Australian Light Horse regiment. On 23rd February 1916, Jack was appointed a lieutenant colonel and commanding officer in the 12th Light Horse Regiment, Australian Imperial Force—he was now back in the orbit of the Australians. Joining the 12th Light Horse in Egypt, then fresh from Gallipoli and poised ready to begin a campaign against the Turks in the Sinai and Palestine, his recent experiences of manoeuvre warfare in an arid environment made him well suited to the role. On arriving, he discovered that one of his troop commanders, Lieutenant Edwin H. Cross, had served under him during the Boer War as a squadron quartermaster sergeant in the 2nd Imperial Light Horse.

Brigadier General 'Galloping Jack' Royston, standing left when commanding the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade (They Rode into History)

With Brigadier General Granville Ryrie being away on leave in London, Jack was promoted to temporary colonel and took command of the 2nd Light Horse Brigade on 22nd June 1916. It was during the Battle of Romani, 24 miles from the Suez Canal between 4-5th August 1916, that Jack earned the sobriquet ‘Galloping Jack’ as it was said that he, although he was shot in the calf, had gone through 14 horses as he was riding along the firing line watching the Turks movements, encouraging his men, and issuing orders. From this moment on, and no longer the athletic man he was of his youth but a stoutly built man, he was a recognizable and legendary figure throughout the Anzac Mounted Division. Major Horace C.H. Robertson recalled in 1934 that he was:

‘A man of few words is General Royston, but he is never cold—his manner breathes kindness and sincerity. The war appeared to him as a danger to the great British Empire, and his every effort was towards helping that Empire through its dangers. So, no matter what the time or place he looked for only one thing—victory. Modern ruthless war has few places for these born leaders of men, who love being in the thick of the fighting, exercising a personal control. “Galloping Jack” could not sit back with his staff and coldly move the pawns on the board. His eyes must see, and he did not trust paper. A verbal order given personally, or a galloper racing across country to convey it, were to him far quicker and more satisfactory than a written message sent through the tortuous ways of the signals.’

He commanded both the 1st and 2nd Light Horse Brigades during the Bir-el-Abd operations between 5-9th August 1916, despite his leg wound, and then on 11th August 1916, following his outstanding success as an inspirational leader, he was promoted to temporary Brigadier General and appointed as the General Officer Commanding, the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, as the unpopular Brigadier General John M. Antill was posted to the Western Front. In the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, Jack commanded the 8th, 9th and 10th Light Horse regiments, who had all been through the Gallipoli campaign and had suffered heavy casualties during the disastrous attack at the Nek. The 10th Light Horse, being all Western Australian's, had a connection with him from his Boer War days and had witnessed the feud between Antill and their original commander, the popular Noel Brazier—thus his appointment was a welcome one. In the 8th Light Horse, he became reacquainted with the Scotsman, Captain Herbert H. Beath, who, as a 24-year-old, had served as a sergeant in his old Royston’s Horse. Days after his appointment, on 23rd August, Jack was awarded the Russian Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd Class with Swords, and then in October, he was mentioned-in-despatches.  

It was at the Battle of Magdhaba on 23rd December 1916, that he was, in true form, moving around the battlefield to better understand the situation and look for opportunities. He ordered the 10th Light Horse on an audacious flanking manoeuvre that he joined in person, and during the charge made against the Turk position, Jack, accompanied by just his batman, charged an occupied trench and, wielding his cane, yelled at them in Zulu, of which they surrendered—the attack was a success. He commanded the brigade in action at Rafa on 9th January 1917, was mentioned-in-despatches on 18th March, then fought in both the unsuccessful battles of Gaza on 26th March and 19th April. Major General Henry W. Hodgson, commander of the Imperial Mounted Division, in June 1917 recommended him for a mention-in-despatches that read as follows:

‘Commanded his brigade with great gallantry and determination in the actions of Mar 26^th and April 19^th on the former occasion did continuous work in holding back the Turkish reinforcements from the direction of Huj.’

On 18th July, following a brigade parade at Abasan El Kebir, he informed the men that he was going on leave for a few weeks and that Lieutenant Colonel Leslie C. Maygar VC of the 8th Light Horse would temporarily command. He was the same day evacuated to No. 14 Australian General Hospital at Abbassia with what was described as bronchitis, while the brigade war diary recorded that he was leaving for Cairo ‘to be thoroughly overhauled.’ Major Andrew B. ‘Banjo’ Paterson, when visiting him in the hospital, discovered that he was actually very ill, as he had intentionally inhaled gas so as to understand how to detect it on the battlefield. He was discharged from hospital on 7th August and the same day he sailed for England on leave accompanied by his Aide-de-Camp, Lieutenant David F.P. Roth, who had served with him in the 12th Light Horse. Roth had originally been selected as his Aide-de-Camp because of his 'reckless riding’ that enabled him to keep up with Royston in battle.

Interestingly, popular belief is that he rejoined the brigade and left them on the eve of Beersheba in October 1917, when the Queenslander, Brigadier Lachlan Wilson, stepped in and assumed command. However, a review of the brigade war diary and both the personnel dossiers of Jack and Maygar confirms that he did not return from London and that Maygar temporarily commanded the brigade in his absence from 18th July until 29th October, when he handed over to Wilson and rejoined his regiment—Maygar was dead within the week. Parallel to this, from London on 20th October, Jack resigned his commission and was the same day appointed an honorary brigadier general in the British Army. Roth sailed for Egypt five days later to rejoin the brigade. Official historian H.S. Gullett recalled his departure from the Light Horse:

‘The departure of the heroic South African (Royston), who was given leave to return to his home on urgent personal business, was deeply regretted by all ranks. Fiery and reckless in action, and with a personality generous and lovable, Royston won a place in the hearts of the Australians not reached by any of their own light horse leaders.’

While in London, he was briefly employed as a liaison officer with the South African Native Labour Corps and visited them in France until he returned home to South Africa. It was clear that he was very much in the thoughts of the Australians that served with him, as in 1934, he accepted the invitation from the 8th Light Horse Association to visit Victoria for the centenary of Melbourne celebrations. Galloping Jack arrived in Freemantle on 5th October 1934 aboard the Ceramic and was welcomed by the 10th Light Horse Association, and for the day he was entertained by them while he placed a wreath at the memorial for the late Lieutenant Colonel Todd. He arrived in Melbourne and was met by Lieutenant General Sir Harry Chauvel, Major General Charles H. Brand, Major General F. Hughes, and his nephew, Wilfred Kent Hughes MLA, who had served on his staff. During the visit, he attended many formal functions, stayed on the property of Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Crawford, late of the 8th Light Horse, and in Sydney, met his old Aide-de-Camp David Roth. Leaving Australia for South Africa on 1st December, he stated that ‘I still find the same spirit in Australia, which I have known since coming in contact with the sons of Australia, commencing with the Boer War to the Zulu Rebellion, German South West Africa, and finally in the Sinai Desert and Palestine.’

Still with some fighting spirit in him, in 1935, he offered his services to the Emperor of Abyssinia to raise a brigade of volunteers for service, of which nothing came of the offer. On 9th April 1937, as part of a group of 50 ex-servicemen, many of whom had served with him, he attended the Coronation of King George the Fifth. Soon after, Napier Devitt, his biographer, wrote the well-received book, Galloping Jack.

He remarried 38-year-old Mildred Standley in August 1937, having returned from the coronation, and on 25th April 1942, Anzac Day, he died on his property, Mount Romani at Port Shepstone. He was buried at the Military Cemetery in Durban, while the press in South Africa and Australia heavily reported the exploits of his life – today though, in Australian military history, Galloping Jack still rides on!

References:

Australian War Memorial

AWM4 10/3/30 3rd Light Horse Brigade War Diary  

National Archives of Australia

B2455 Personal File of J.R. Royston

Pretoria Archives Repository

Natal Militia and Volunteers Supernumerary List

South African Army Orders, August 1901

South African Great War Officers Records

Publications

Collyer, J.J., The Campaign in German South West Africa 1914-1915

Devitt, Napier., Galloping Jack

Goetzsche, Eric., The Official Natal Mounted Rifles History

Gullett, H.S., The AIF in Sinai and Palestine

Paterson, A.B., Happy Despatches

Perry, Roland., The Australian Light Horse

Robinson & Coy., Natal Volunteer Record

Stuart, J., History of the Zulu Rebellion

Newspapers and Periodical

News and Chronicle., 23 July 1935

Reveille., the official organ of the Returned Services League 

Shefield Daily Telegraph, 3rd November 1914

The Army and Navy Gazette., 9 June 1906